Increasing demand for renewable energy generation, as climate-focused initiatives become more prevalent, requires critical raw materials: lithium, nickel, cobalt, and copper. Mining for these materials is a highly water-intensive process, with key markets in water-stressed areas. As leading mining companies look for solutions to rebound production amid water scarcity, desalination is estimated to increase by 167% by 2032, with Antofagasta’s mine targeting 90% water sourced by desalination or recirculation by 2025.